PriFi.info

Mixers targeted

United States

No federal rule bars privacy coins, but mixer developers have been prosecuted and Tornado Cash was under US sanctions from 2022 to 2025.

Confirmed: a primary source states it. Checked on 13 Oct 2026. Information only, not legal advice.

The rule

Exchange listing
Allowed
Holding by individuals
Allowed
Mixers
Sanctioned or prosecuted
Self-hosted wallets
No specific rule
Confidence
Confirmed

No federal law or regulator rule bars individuals from holding privacy coins or exchanges from listing them: on 13 October 2026 the public APIs of Coinbase and Gemini showed Zcash (ZEC) markets, Coinbase returned no XMR-USD market, Kraken's API showed XMR and ZEC pairs online, and Kraken's country restrictions page (updated 30 September 2026) set no US limit on either coin. OFAC designated the Tornado Cash mixer on 8 August 2022 and removed it on 21 March 2025, after the Fifth Circuit held in Van Loon v. Department of the Treasury (26 November 2024) that its immutable smart contracts are not property that can be blocked under IEEPA. Criminal cases against mixer developers continue: Roman Storm of Tornado Cash was convicted on 6 August 2025 of conspiring to operate an unlicensed money transmitting business, and his retrial on the undecided money laundering and sanctions counts was reported in August 2026 as postponed to 26 April 2027 while his motion for acquittal is pending; the two Samourai Wallet founders were sentenced in November 2025 to five and four years for a money transmitting conspiracy that knowingly moved criminal proceeds. A Deputy Attorney General memo of 7 April 2025 said the Justice Department would no longer target mixing and tumbling services for the acts of their end users or unwitting regulatory violations, except where that fits its stated priorities, and told prosecutors not to charge regulatory violations such as unlicensed money transmitting under 18 U.S.C. § 1960(b)(1)(A) and (B) without evidence of a wilful violation; it does not name the (b)(1)(C) limb on transmitting criminal proceeds. FinCEN announced on 5 October 2026, and the Federal Register published on 6 October 2026, the withdrawal of its 2023 proposal to treat international mixing as a class of transactions of primary money laundering concern.

Instrument: OFAC sanctions on Tornado Cash (2022 to 2025); DOJ prosecutions under 18 U.S.C. § 1960

Sources

Confirmed: a primary source states it. Checked on 13 Oct 2026.

Self-hosted wallets

No specific rule

No federal rule sets requirements for withdrawals to self-hosted wallets: the funds travel rule passes information between financial institutions on transmittals of USD 3,000 or more, and FinCEN withdrew its December 2020 unhosted-wallet proposal as of 6 October 2026.

The withdrawn proposal (85 FR 83840, 23 December 2020) would have required banks and money services businesses to keep records, verify customers' identities and file reports for convertible virtual currency transactions involving unhosted wallets or wallets hosted in jurisdictions identified by FinCEN; the withdrawal notice (91 FR 63514, published 6 October 2026) says FinCEN will take no further action on it. FinCEN guidance FIN-2019-G001 of 9 May 2019 applies the Funds Travel Rule in 31 CFR 1010.410(f) to transmittals of USD 3,000 or more in convertible virtual currency and says a person using an unhosted wallet to buy goods or services on their own behalf is not a money transmitter. Any checks on self-hosted withdrawals therefore come from exchanges' own policies or state regulators, which were not checked here.

Privacy coins and wallets: No federal rule bars transfers to privacy wallets or shielded addresses: FinCEN's 2019 guidance leaves money transmitters to decide on a risk basis when to accept or transmit anonymity-enhanced currencies and, where the Funds Travel Rule applies, to trace them and identify the sender or recipient (section 4.5.3), and on 5 October 2026 FinCEN announced the withdrawal of its proposal to treat convertible virtual currency mixing as a class of transactions of primary money laundering concern.

Confirmed: a primary source states it. Checked on 20 Oct 2026.

US states

US states

ZEC is not on the NYDFS Greenlist, which in its newest capture (13 Oct 2026) named only bitcoin, ether and six tokens approved for issuance in New York (four dollar stablecoins, a yen stablecoin and a gold token), and it was absent from the 2021 version too. DFS guidance of 15 Nov 2023 says a coin with features designed to facilitate the obfuscation or concealment of identity cannot be self-certified by a BitLicensee or New York trust company, which leaves DFS approval of a firm-specific application as the only route to list such a coin while it is off the Greenlist; DFS names no coins. Gemini, a New York limited purpose trust company, has offered ZEC since DFS authorised it to do so on 14 May 2018, and its US help centre list (updated 5 Oct 2026) flags no New York limit on ZEC, while Coinbase, which left New York out of its 2018 ZEC launch, was reported to have opened ZEC to New York residents on 10 Feb 2020. Kraken, Binance.US and OKX US do not serve New York residents, so none of the other six coins tracked here is available to New Yorkers on the exchanges checked.

State limits on the exchanges checked

  • Coinbase (ZEC): no state exclusion found, New York included (reported).
  • Kraken (ZEC, XMR and DCR): not offered in Maine or New York.
  • Gemini (ZEC): no state exclusion found, New York included.
  • Binance.US (ZEC; not one of the exchanges in the table): not offered in Alaska, Connecticut, Georgia, Maine, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Vermont, Washington, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands or the US Virgin Islands.
  • OKX US (ZEC): not offered in New York, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands or the US Virgin Islands (not verified).
  • KuCoin (ZEC, XMR and DCR): serves no US state.
  • Bitfinex (ZEC and XMR): serves no US state.
Notes by exchange, federal rules, five more states and sources
Coinbase
The Coinbase pages that could be read set no state limit on ZEC but do not address state coverage: the US price page (archived 23 Aug 2026) flags ZEC as tradable for country US and the US how-to-buy page (archived 10 Jul 2026) says ZEC can be bought in the United States. Coinbase, Inc. has held a New York virtual currency licence since January 2017; its 5 Dec 2018 ZEC launch left out New York residents, and The Block reported that Coinbase opened ZEC to them on 10 Feb 2020. No Coinbase page confirming current New York or state-by-state availability could be opened, as coinbase.com and help.coinbase.com refused direct requests (HTTP 403).
Kraken

ZEC: Kraken does not serve residents of Maine or New York (licensing page updated 30 Sep 2026); its Maine service ended on 1 Jun 2024. ZEC is not on the page's list of assets restricted for US clients, and ZEC/USD and ZEC/EUR are online in the public API (19 Oct 2026). The page says residents of Texas and New Hampshire cannot deposit or hold EUR or trade EUR pairs, which rules out ZEC/EUR for them; its Indiana limit on crypto transfers is listed under restrictions for Krak, Kraken's standalone payments app whose balances are kept separate from Kraken accounts.

XMR: Kraken does not serve residents of Maine or New York (licensing page updated 30 Sep 2026). XMR is not on the page's list of assets restricted for US clients, and XMR pairs against USD, USDC, USDT, XBT and EUR are online in the public API (19 Oct 2026), which makes Kraken the only US-serving exchange checked here with an XMR market. Residents of Texas and New Hampshire cannot trade EUR pairs, so XMR/EUR is closed to them; the page's Indiana limit on crypto transfers is listed under restrictions for Krak, Kraken's standalone payments app.

DCR: Kraken does not serve residents of Maine or New York (licensing page updated 30 Sep 2026). DCR is not on the page's list of assets restricted for US clients, and DCR/USD is online in the public API (19 Oct 2026), which makes Kraken the only US-serving exchange checked here with a DCR market; the page's Indiana limit on crypto transfers is listed under restrictions for Krak, Kraken's standalone payments app.

Gemini
Gemini says it serves all 50 US states (article edited 24 Apr 2025). Its US help centre list of supported cryptos (updated 5 Oct 2026) flags a ZEC restriction only for Singapore, and flags New York limits for USDT and GRAM but none for ZEC. DFS authorised Gemini, a New York limited purpose trust company, to offer ZEC trading and custody on 14 May 2018; Gemini opened ZEC deposits on 19 May 2018 and trading on 22 May 2018.
Binance.US
Binance.US (BAM Trading Services) is separate from the Binance global platform in the matrix and is not one of the 14 tracked exchanges. Its API shows ZEC/USD and ZEC/USDT trading and no symbol for the other six coins (19 Oct 2026), and its listings page (updated 9 Sep 2026) gives the native Zcash network with no state-specific limit on ZEC. It does not register residents of 12 states and four territories (article dated 3 Jun 2026), and in Kansas and Wisconsin it offers crypto-only service without USD deposits.
OKX US
US customers are served by OKX Inc. (OKX US), which does not serve residents of New York or four territories (licences page updated 15 Sep 2026); the global platform in the matrix has listed ZEC-USDT since 24 Nov 2025. Whether OKX US itself offers ZEC could not be confirmed: its public instruments API at us.okx.com returns the same 1,184 spot instruments as www.okx.com, the United States-locale ZEC price page carries the same LISTED flag as the page on www.okx.com, and no OKX US asset list was found.
KuCoin
KuCoin agreed in its US guilty plea of 27 Jan 2025 to exit the US market for at least the next two years, and its terms of use (updated 29 Sep 2026) list the United States and its territories as restricted locations, so it serves no US state; this applies to every coin on KuCoin.
Bitfinex
Bitfinex's terms bar every US person, covering the states of the United States and the District of Columbia and including US citizens, permanent residents and passport holders (FAQ edited 17 Oct 2026), so it serves no US state; this applies to every coin on Bitfinex.
Federal rules
No federal statute or regulator rule bars US persons from holding or trading privacy coins, or exchanges from listing them, so access turns on state licensing and each platform's own listing and residency rules; the Zcash Foundation said on 14 Jan 2026 that the SEC had closed an inquiry into it without recommending enforcement action. The federal sanctions and rule-making most relevant here concern mixers and unhosted-wallet transfers rather than the coins themselves: Treasury removed its Tornado Cash sanctions on 21 Mar 2025, and FinCEN withdrew its 2023 proposed special measure on convertible virtual currency mixing and its 2020 proposed reporting and verification rule for transactions with unhosted wallets (announced 5 Oct 2026, published 6 Oct 2026).
Texas
No Texas regulator action naming privacy coins was found. The Department of Banking's Supervisory Memorandum 1037 (revised 28 Jan 2025) does not mention privacy features and says that receiving non-stablecoin virtual currency for transmission is not, by itself, money transmission under the Money Services Modernization Act, though transactions involving sovereign currency or stablecoins may be. Binance.US does not serve Texas residents; Kraken does, but says they cannot deposit or hold EUR or trade EUR pairs (a limit it listed in 2025 among its state funding restrictions), and OKX US holds a Texas money transmission licence and does not exclude the state.
Washington
No Washington regulator action naming privacy coins was found. The Uniform Money Services Act counts virtual currency as equivalent value in its definition of money transmission (RCW 19.230.010), and the Department of Financial Institutions' consumer page mentions anonymity only to say that virtual currency transactions are recorded on a public blockchain, naming no coin. Binance.US does not serve Washington residents, while Gemini and OKX US, which holds a Washington money transmitter licence, do not exclude the state; Kraken still listed Washington among the states it did not serve in a capture of 21 Jun 2025 but no longer did in one of 7 Jul 2025 or on its current page.
Hawaii
No Hawaii regulator action naming privacy coins was found. The Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs said on 25 Jan 2024 that the Digital Currency Innovation Lab would end on 30 Jun 2024 and that digital currency companies would no longer need a Hawaii money transmitter licence, because their activity did not fit the concept of money transmission in Chapter 489D. None of Binance.US, Kraken, Gemini or OKX US excludes Hawaii.
California
California's Digital Financial Assets Law bars digital financial asset business activity with residents from 1 Jul 2026 unless the firm is licensed, applied for a licence on or before that date and awaits a decision, or is exempt. It requires an exchange to certify each listed asset to the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation after assessing securities status, conflicts of interest, and cybersecurity, fraud and market risks, and none of the listed factors concerns privacy features; assets approved for listing by NYDFS under its Part 200 rules on or before 1 Jan 2023 need no certification. No California action naming privacy coins was found.
Maine
Kraken has not served Maine residents since 1 Jun 2024 and Binance.US does not register them, so Maine residents have no XMR or DCR market on the exchanges checked, while Gemini, which serves all 50 states, still offers them ZEC. Kraken gives no reason beyond saying the SEC lawsuit against it was not a factor, Binance.US says only that an unsupported state may reflect pending regulatory approvals, and no Maine regulator statement was checked.

Sources

Checked on 19 Oct 2026.

Exchanges and their restrictions

The 14 exchanges on this site, with the 32 spot markets they list for the seven coins, as checked on 13 Oct 2026. The exchange data records where each listing is restricted as text, so this page quotes each passage that names the United States, and marks the cells it comes from. An exchange with no such passage has no restriction for the United States on record here, which does not mean that it is licensed there or open to its residents. A listing is not an endorsement.

Swipe the table sideways to see all seven coins.

ExchangeZECZcashSpot on 11, perp only on 1XMRMoneroSpot on 6, perp only on 3DCRDecredSpot on 6ZANOZanoSpot on 1ARRRPirate ChainSpot on 2XVGVergeSpot on 4, perp only on 3FIROFiroSpot on 2
BinanceRestricted +perpApr 2025Shielded in: noShielded out: noDelistedFeb 2024Perp onlyRestrictedApr 2025Never listedNever listedListed +perpWithdrawals frozenDelistedApr 2025
CoinbaseListed +perpNov 2018Shielded in: yesShielded out: noNever listedNever listedNever listedNever listedNever listedNever listed
KrakenRestricted +perpJun 2026Shielded in: unknownShielded out: noRestricted +perpJun 2026RestrictedMay 2026Never listedNever listedNever listedNever listed
OKXListed +perpNov 2025Shielded in: unknownShielded out: unknownDelistedJan 2024DelistedJul 2024Never listedNever listedNever listedNever listed
BybitDelistedFeb 2025Perp onlyNever listedPerp onlyDelistedNov 2024Never listedNever listedNever listedPerp onlyNever listed
BitgetListed +perpDec 2025Shielded in: unknownShielded out: unknownNever listedPerp onlyNever listedNever listedNever listedNever listedPerp onlyNever listed
KuCoinListed +perpJul 2019Shielded in: unknownShielded out: noListed +perpMar 2019ListedSep 2018Never listedDelistedSep 2023Never listedPerp onlyNever listed
GateListed +perpShielded in: unknownShielded out: unknownRestricted +perpListedNever listedListedWithdrawals frozenRestrictedRestricted
HTXListed +perpDec 2022Shielded in: noShielded out: noListed +perpDec 2022ListedDec 2022Never listedNever listedListedDec 2022DelistedSep 2025
MEXCListed +perpShielded in: unknownShielded out: unknownListed +perpListedListedDec 2023ListedJan 2024Listed +perpListed
GeminiRestrictedMay 2018Shielded in: yesShielded out: yesNever listedNever listedNever listedNever listedNever listedNever listed
BitfinexListed +perpOct 2016Withdrawals frozenNamed in a noteShielded in: unknownShielded out: unknownListedNov 2016Named in a noteDelistedMar 2022Never listedNever listedDelistedDec 2024Never listed
Crypto.comNever listedNever listedNever listedNever listedNever listedNever listedNever listed
UpbitDelistedSep 2019DelistedSep 2019DelistedDec 2020Never listedNever listedDelistedMay 2020DelistedMay 2020

Passages that name the United States

Binance

  • All coins: Binance.US is a separate platform and is not covered

OKX

  • All coins: Global platform at www.okx.com; regional entities (OKX Europe for the EEA, OKX US) are noted only where an OKX notice names them

KuCoin

  • All coins: Global platform kucoin.com, not offered in its listed restricted locations (including the US, Singapore, France and the Netherlands);

MEXC

  • All coins: Global offshore platform; its user agreement (last updated 29 May 2025) bars all services to residents of the US, UK, Canada, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, mainland China, Kazakhstan, the Russian-controlled regions of Ukraine, North Korea, Cuba, Iran, Sudan and other comprehensively sanctioned or FATF blacklisted territories, so those users cannot trade any coin here

Bitfinex

  • All coins: Global spot platform; not open to US persons under its terms of service;
  • ZEC Listed ZECUSD, ZECBTC and ZECUST trade today and the Bitfinex ZEC article names no regional restriction beyond the platform-wide exclusion of US persons;
  • XMR Listed Bitfinex's verification page says certain tokens may be restricted in specific jurisdictions, but its XMR articles name no such restriction, so the only one found is the platform-wide exclusion of US persons (third-party blog claims of regional XMR limits were not supported by any Bitfinex notice).

Self-hosted wallets for the seven coins

The nine wallets on the Wallets page that hold at least one of the seven coins, with the coins and platforms each supports. The wallet data does not record where each wallet is offered, so this list is the same on every country page, and the United States's own rules, set out above, apply to their use. A listing is not an endorsement.